India diversifies oil imports these days with more US and Russian supplies on offer to compensate for less geopolitically risky Middle East crude.
Hydrocarbon Processing reported that imports of Middle Eastern oil fell to a four-year low in 2019. The Houston-based trade publication obtained tanker data from sources showing that India is diversifying supplies to cut costs and shield itself from geopolitical risks.
India is the the world’s third-biggest oil consumer. It imports about 84% of its oil needs and traditionally relies on the Middle East for the majority of its supplies. However, the region’s share of India’s crude shrank to 60% last year – down from 65% a year ago and the lowest since 2015 – as record output from the United States and countries like Russia offered opportunities for importers to tap other sources.
India shipped in 2.68 million barrels per day (bpd) oil from the Middle East in 2019, down about 10% from 2018, and around 1.8 million bpd from elsewhere, the data reviewed by Reuters showed.
Deeper than expected oil output cuts by OPEC and allies, shouldered by Saudi Arabia, and less supply from Iran due to U.S. sanctions also dented India’s intake of Middle Eastern oil, said Ehsan Ul Haq, analyst with Refinitiv.
Last year, sanctions and output cuts by OPEC and allies, known as OPEC+, reduced the group’s supplies by 1.9 million bpd from 2018, while non-OPEC supply rose by 2 million bpd, the International Energy Agency said in its latest report.
The IEA forecast that producers outside the OPEC+ pact would grow supplies by 2.1 million bpd in 2020.
India is working on a strategy to diversify its oil supply sources to cut dependence on the Middle East, Oil Minister Dharmendra Pradhan said last week, adding that some refiners are in advance negotiations to boost Russian oil imports.
The drive to expand crude sources also reflects a push by Prime Minister Narendra Modi to bolster ties with countries like Russia and the United States.
India’s overall oil imports in 2019 fell by about 2.1% to 4.48 million bpd, the data showed, because most refiners temporarily shut processing units for upgrades ahead of new fuel standards in 2020. India is migrating to Euro VI compliant fuel from April 1.
Imports from CIS nations rose in 2019 by about 65% to 171,000 bpd, the data showed. Intake of African grades rose by 7.3% to about 713,000 bpd, while U.S. supplies surged by about 63% to 181,000 bpd.
As India diversifies oil imports, U.S. oil accounted for about 4% of India’s overall imports in 2019, up from just 2.5% a year earlier.
“The opening of an arbitrage window for U.S. oil during the year changed oil flows. The differential was enough to take care of shipping,” said Haq.
Demand for heavy Middle Eastern grades was also affected by a shift in bunker fuel specifications from January, following new industry rules promoting lower sulfur fuels.
“Most Middle Eastern grades yield high sulfur fuel oil (HSFO) and because of new marine fuel norms, refiners are buying more from other producers to cut production of HSFO and increase output of very low sulfur fuel oil,” Haq added.
Source: Hydrocarbon Processing
Reporting by Nidhi Verma; editing by Richard Pullin
